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=WORKDAY()

Returns a number that represents a date that is the indicated number of working days before or after a date (the starting date). Working days exclude weekends and any dates identified as holidays. Use WORKDAY to exclude weekends or holidays when you calculate invoice due dates, expected delivery times, or the number of days of work performed.

Applies To: Excel for Microsoft 365Excel for Microsoft 365 for MacExcel 2024Excel 2024 for MacExcel 2021Excel 2021 for MacExcel 2019Excel 2016
=WORKDAY(start_date, days, [holidays])
Hover argument names in the table for details.
Output typeDate
Popularity45 / 100
VolatileNo
Dynamic ArrayNo
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◧ Arguments

ArgumentTypeRequiredDescription
start_date Date Required A date that represents the start date.
days Number Required The number of nonweekend and nonholiday days before or after start_date. A positive value for days yields a future date; a negative value yields a past date.
holidays Range Optional An optional list of one or more dates to exclude from the working calendar, such as state and federal holidays and floating holidays. The list can be either a range of cells that contain the dates or an array constant of the serial numbers that represent the dates.

▣ Examples

▦ Data
CellValue
A2 10/1/2008
B2 Start date
A3 151
B3 Days to completion
A4 11/26/2008
B4 Holiday
A5 12/4/2008
B5 Holiday
A6 1/21/2009
B6 Holiday
A7 10/1/2008
B7 Start date
A8 151
B8 Days to completion
A9 11/26/2008
B9 Holiday
A10 12/4/2008
B10 Holiday
A11 1/21/2009
B11 Holiday
Date 151 workdays from the start date (4/30/2009) =WORKDAY(A2,A3)
Result: 4/30/2009
Date 151 workdays from the start date, excluding holidays (5/5/2009) =WORKDAY(A2,A3,A4:A6)
Result: 5/5/2009

§ Remarks

  • Microsoft Excel stores dates as sequential serial numbers so they can be used in calculations. By default, January 1, 1900 is serial number 1, and January 1, 2008 is serial number 39448 because it is 39,448 days after January 1, 1900.
  • If any argument is not a valid date, WORKDAY returns the #VALUE! error value.
  • If start_date plus days yields an invalid date, WORKDAY returns the #NUM! error value.
  • If days is not an integer, it is truncated.

✦ Tips

  • To calculate the serial number of the date before or after a specified number of workdays by using parameters to indicate which and how many days are weekend days, use the WORKDAY.INTL function.
  • Dates should be entered by using the DATE function, or as results of other formulas or functions. For example, use DATE(2008,5,23) for the 23rd day of May, 2008. Problems can occur if dates are entered as text.
  • Microsoft Excel stores dates as sequential serial numbers so they can be used in calculations. By default, January 1, 1900 is serial number 1, and January 1, 2008 is serial number 39448 because it is 39,448 days after January 1, 1900.
  • If days is not an integer, it is truncated.

⚠ Common Errors

#VALUE! If any argument is not a valid date, WORKDAY returns the #VALUE! error value.
Fix: Check the dates and the holiday range
#NUM! If start_date plus days yields an invalid date, WORKDAY returns the #NUM! error value.
Fix: مقدار days را کاهش دهید یا تاریخ شروع متفاوتی انتخاب کنید تا تاریخ حاصل معتبر باشد.

⇄ Related Functions

=TODAY() The TODAY function returns the serial number of the current date. The serial number is the date-time code used by Excel for date and time calculations. If the cell format was General before the function was entered, Excel changes the cell format to Date. If you want to view the serial number, you must change the cell format to General or Number. The TODAY function is useful when you need to have the current date displayed on a worksheet, regardless of when you open the workbook. It is also useful for calculating intervals. For example, if you know that someone was born in 1963, you might use the following formula to find that person's age as of this year's birthday: ⁠=⁠ YEAR( TODAY())-1963 This formula uses the TODAY function as an argument for the YEAR function to obtain the current year, and then subtracts 1963, returning the person's age. =EDATE() Returns the serial number that represents the date that is the indicated number of months before or after a specified date (the start_date). Use EDATE to calculate maturity dates or due dates that fall on the same day of the month as the date of issue. =NETWORKDAYS() Returns the number of whole working days between start_date and end_date. Working days exclude weekends and any dates identified in holidays. Use NETWORKDAYS to calculate employee benefits that accrue based on the number of days worked during a specific term. =WORKDAY.INTL() string values are seven characters long. Each character in the string represents a day of the week, starting with Monday. The character 1 represents a non-workday and 0 represents a workday. Only the characters 1 and 0 are permitted in the string. Also, 1111111 is an invalid string.

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