Statistical
Excel 2010
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=COVARIANCE.S()
Returns the sample covariance, the average of the products of deviations for each data point pair in two data sets.
Applies To:
Excel for Microsoft 365Excel for Microsoft 365 for MacExcel 2024Excel 2024 for MacExcel 2021Excel 2021 for MacExcel 2019Excel 2016Excel Web App
=COVARIANCE.S(array1,array2)
Hover argument names in the table for details.
Output typeNumber
Popularity12 / 100
VolatileNo
Dynamic ArrayNo
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◧ Arguments
| Argument | Type | Required | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
array1 |
Array | Required | The first cell range of integers. |
array2 |
Array | Required | The second cell range of integers. |
▣ Examples
Sample covariance for the data points entered as an array in the function.
=COVARIANCE.S({2,4,8},{5,11,12})
Result:
9.666666667
Sample covariance for the identical data points, but entered as cell ranges in the function.
=COVARIANCE.S(A3:A5,B3:B5)
Result:
9.666666667
§ Remarks
- The arguments must either be numbers or be names, arrays, or references that contain numbers.
- If an array or reference argument contains text, logical values, or empty cells, those values are ignored; however, cells with the value zero are included.
- If array1 and array2 have different numbers of data points, COVARIANCE.S returns the #N/A error value.
- If either array1 or array2 is empty or contains only 1 data point each, COVARIANCE.S returns the #DIV/0! error value.
✦ Tips
- The arguments must either be numbers or be names, arrays, or references that contain numbers.
- If an array or reference argument contains text, logical values, or empty cells, those values are ignored; however, cells with the value zero are included.
⚠ Common Errors
#N/A
If array1 and array2 have different numbers of data points, COVARIANCE.S returns the #N/A error value.
Fix: Make the two ranges the same size
#DIV/0!
If either array1 or array2 is empty or contains only 1 data point each, COVARIANCE.S returns the #DIV/0! error value.
Fix: مطمئن شوید هر دو محدوده حداقل دو مقدار عددی دارند.
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